Market Size (2018)
$5.24B
Vertical: PCMBase Year: 2018
Market Size (2018)
$5.24B
Projected (2025)
$7.65B
CAGR (2018–2025)
5.6%
Key Players
9+
Rising investments in the construction sector for urban transportation along with increasing penetration of tunnel boring machines and product innovations will spur the market growth. The global tunnel boring machine market has been segmented based on machine type, geology type, and end users.
On the basis of machine type, the global market has been segmented into slurry TBM, earth pressure balance shield TBM, shielded TBM, multi-Mode TBM, and other machines. In 2018, the slurry TBM segment accounted for the largest market share of 32.7%, with a market value of USD 1,713.54 million. It is projected to register 6.0% CAGR during the projected timeframe.
On the basis of geology type, the global market has been segmented into soft ground, hard rock ground, heterogeneous ground, and variable ground. In 2018, the soft ground accounted for a considerable market share of 38.3%, with a market value of USD 2,003.98 million. It is projected to register 4.9% CAGR over the forecast period.
On the basis of end users, the global market has been segmented into road transport, railway transport, utilities, metro and transit, mining, oil and gas, and others. In 2018, the road transport segment accounted for a substantial market share of 31.7%, with a market value of USD 1,667.22 million. It is projected to exhibit 5.9% CAGR during the study timeframe.
On the basis of region, in 2018, Asia Pacific accounted for the largest market share of 35.5% with a market value of USD 1,857.43 million. It is projected to register 7.4% CAGR over the projected period.
The Tunnel Boring Machine Market market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.6% from 2018 to 2025.
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View Subscription PlansTunnel Boring Machine Market
Historical performance and future projections (2020–2030, USD Billion)
Market Size (USD Mn)
Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are massive specific-function machines, mainly used in creating tunnels for railways, roads, and pipelines. These gigantic machines are lengthy with circular cross-sections and assist in boring round holes irrespective of any soil and rocks. Tunnel boring machines are complicated assemblies of numerous systems working in combination with each other. Tunnel boring machines' diameter ranges from 3 feet to 65 feet. Moreover, TBMs are effective for catering smooth cut and finishing though rocks, along with constructing concrete shields around the bored tunnels.
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View Subscription PlansThis report applies a rigorous multi-stage research process combining primary interviews, secondary data sources, and bottom-up market modelling to ensure accuracy and completeness across all segments and geographies.
Base Year
2018
Historical Period
2018 – 2018
Forecast Period
2019 – 2025
Primary Interviews
150+
Historical data (2018–2018) and forecast period (2018–2025)
Our research process spans primary interviews with industry stakeholders combined with comprehensive secondary data analysis, validated through triangulation across multiple independent sources.
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View Subscription PlansThe global tunnel boring machine market is a highly fragmented market, with a presence of higher number of market players. The tunnel boring machine market has a huge opportunity to improve in the coming years. The manufacturers/service providers are operating at regional level. The players are adopting strategies such as mergers & acquisitions, product development, partnerships, joint ventures, and expansion to improve their position in the market both regionally and globally. High competition, rapid technological changes, and integrated solutions by industry participants are the key factors that impact market the growth. Vendors compete in terms of cost, product quality, size of tunnel boring machines, and reliability. It is vital for these players to offer cost-effective and superior products and services to succeed in the competitive market environment.
The growth of market vendors depends on the market conditions, government support, and industry development. Thus, they should focus on improving their products, expanding their regional presence, and variety of tunnel bore sizes to suite the requirement of the project. China Railway Group Limited (CRGL), IHI Corporation, Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd, Hitachi Zosen Corporation, Bosch Rexroth AG are some of the leading players, holding more than half of market share.
CRGL: China Railway Group Limited has diversified development strategy that have proven to be goal achieving for the company. Their broad product portfolio serving manufacturing, survey & design, real estate development, consulting, highway operation, metro projects, mining, and among others. The company has been taking initiatives and is further willing to add industry leaders in their team to further enjoy the major portion of market share.
Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd has occupied the third position in the global tunnel boring machines market. The company’s industry experience and its persistence in developing and enhancing its portfolio to offer advanced capabilities to the solution offers a competitive position in the market. Kawasaki also focuses on strategic collaborations and acquisitions with technology companies in the industry, which help the company to expand its reach and increase its production capabilities, thereby helping obtain a strong position in the market. The company also maintains a healthy relationship with its channel partners which helps them to broaden its market reach. Also, a robust geographic reach and market presence helps the company maintain its market position.
IHI Corp. has currently occupied the fourth position in the global tunnel boring machines market. The company is one of the leading designers and manufacturers of heavy machines across the globe. To strengthen its market, position the company emphasizes on broadenings its offerings via organic as well as inorganic approach. IHI focuses on strengthening its channel partners’ capabilities to increase its geographical reach and market presence. The company also aims at forming strategic mergers and collaborations to obtain a competitive advantage in the market. Wide geographic reach, strong distribution capabilities, and relationship with its clients help the company strengthen its position in the global tunnel boring machines market.
Hitachi Zosen Corporation ranks at fourth position and gives a tough competition to other operating companies in the global tunnel boring machine market. The continuous investments in expanding businesses across geographies has resulted into increased customer base. Also, the strong goodwill of the company has helped it to contribute significantly to the tunnel boring machine market.
Bosch Rexroth hold the fifth position in the global tunnel boring machine market. The company has gained this strong position because of strong research & development capabilities of the firm. Adding to it, the company possess its share is almost each part of the world, making it very competitive in the global market.
Other players include Dalian Huarui Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd, Herrenknecht AG, Komatsu Ltd, and Northern Heavy Industries Group Co., Ltd (The Robbins Company, Inc.). The leading players, as mentioned above, are dominating the market due to their enhanced product portfolios, vast industry experience, and wide geographic reach. These players may strengthen their presence in the global market through expansion by acquiring leading technological innovators during the forecast period. Players with access to better technologies can develop unique and innovative products and services, which could render the competitor’s offerings, obsolete. The competitive environment in the market is likely to intensify further due to the increasing number of expansions
Michael Porter’s Five Forces model is a framework to study the global tunnel boring machines market. Strategic business managers, trying to gain an edge over competitive firms in the global tunnel boring machines market, can utilize this model to better comprehend the industry in which the company operates. The components of each of the forces and the degree of impact of each component in the context of the global tunnel boring machines market have been broken down and analyzed. Threat of New Entrants
The threat of new entrants signifies the impact of new players trying to enter the market. The development of tunnel boring machines involves high technical expertise, along with the high capital requirements, which increases the barriers for the new entrants in the market. The end users rely on large tunnel boring machines manufacturing companies with strong brand recognition, which makes it difficult for the new players to compete with the established players, such as China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co., Ltd, Dalian Huarui Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd, and Herrenknecht AG, Komatsu Ltd, who dominate the industry and maintain a substantial market share. However, there are a moderate number of market players available for tunnel boring machines, which has opened-up paths for new entrants. Moreover, the new entrants will require strong strategic partnerships with tech giants to offer the best-in-class tunnel boring machines. Thus, the threat of new entrants in the global tunnel boring machines market is expected to be moderate. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
The suppliers are the providers of components, such as cutter head, cutting discs/tools, muck buckets, bracing system, ground support equipment, and steeling system. The concentration of suppliers is moderate, which leads to the moderate bargaining power of suppliers. However, the high cost of switching between suppliers due to the long-term contracts between them and the tunnel boring machines manufacturers increases the bargaining power of suppliers. Hence, the bargaining power of suppliers is expected to be moderate. Bargaining Power of Buyers
The market for tunnel boring machines has a high concentration of buyers from industries, such as construction, mining, and tunneling, which decreases their bargaining power. However, the buyers rely only on the successful and established companies for purchasing tunnel boring machines. Thus, brand recognition has a high impact on the buying decision of the buyers, which further reduces their bargaining power. The switching cost incurred by these buyers will be moderate due to the presence of various OEMs and the contracts between them and the buyers. Therefore, the bargaining power of buyers in the North America tunnel boring machines market is expected to be low Threat of Substitutes
Although the tunnel boring machines do not have any direct substitute, however conventional draft and blasting systems are used as their alternative for different application in developing and underdeveloped regions. Thus, the threat of substitutes is expected to be moderate in the global tunnel boring machines market. Rivalry
Currently, there is a low to moderate competition among the existing players in the tunnel boring machines market owing to the presence of a smaller number of market players. The manufacturers focus more on new technologies in cutter design, machine components, and hydraulic and electrical systems. The increased use of computer and electronic controls have resulted in the high demand for the tunnel boring machines.
There are many known market players, such as China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co., Ltd, Dalian Huarui Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd, and Herrenknecht AG, Komatsu Ltd, who have ventured into the industry through partnerships and collaborations. These companies involved in the development of these systems differentiate their products by integrating additional or unique features in the tunnel boring machines. Thus, the intensity of competitive rivalry is expected to be high during the forecast period.
Market estimates by geography (2025)
InsightAsia Pacific leads with $3.06B by 2025.
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View Subscription Plans| REGION | 2018 | 2018 | 2025 | CAGR | SHARE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia Pacific | $1.86B | $2.46B | $3.06B | 7.4% | 40% |
| South America | $466.24M | $601.68M | $730.36M | 6.6% | 10% |
| Europe | $1.50B | $1.78B | $2.02B | 4.3% | 26% |
| North America | $1.29B | $1.49B | $1.67B | 3.8% | 22% |
| Middle East and Africa | $125.58M | $155.15M | $182.14M | 5.5% | 2% |
| Total | $5.24B | $6.49B | $7.65B | 5.6% | 100% |
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View Subscription PlansTotal Market Size
$7.65B
| APPLICATION | REVENUE ($B) | GROWTH RATE | MARKET PENETRATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| Slurry TBM | $2.58B | 6.0% | 34% |
| Earth Pressure Balance Shield TBM | $1.88B | 4.7% | 25% |
| Shielded TBM | $1.67B | 5.2% | 22% |
| Multi-Mode TBM | $1.24B | 6.6% | 16% |
| Other Machines | $276.17M | 5.4% | 4% |
* Revenue projections based on 2025 estimates. Growth rates represent CAGR 2024–2030. Market penetration indicates current adoption rate within addressable market segments.
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Analytical insights on Tunnel Boring Machine Market covering market dynamics, competitive landscape, and strategic outlook.
The Tunnel Boring Machine Market market is projected to reach $7.65B by 2025, growing at 5.6% CAGR. The Slurry TBM segment holds the largest share.
The global tunnel boring machine market is a dynamic market and is expected to witness high growth in the coming years years. The demand for tunnel boring machine is poised to be driven by the Growing Investments For Urban Transportation and the growing adoption of tunnel boring machines in mining and construction industry.
The global demand for urban transportation is growing rapidly. Going with present trends, passenger and freight activity will more than double by the end of 2050. Growing urbanization created a demand for urban rail transport. Metros are a primary mode of urbanized transport. During 2017, there were metros in more than 178 cities in 56 countries, carrying on average a total of 168 million passengers per day. Since 2000, 75 new metros have opened. This massive growth is to be credited mainly to developments in the Asia-Pacific region. Authorities in regions, such as North America and Europe, have increased investments in private construction, especially in The US and the UK. According to The US Census Bureau, in 2017, the total construction expenditure in The US increased by approximately 4% than the previous year. In 2017, the value of the construction industry in The US was USD 1,246,000 million, which increased and reached USD 1,293,982 million in 2018. Therefore, the growing investments in the construction industry add to the growth of the tunneling equipment market, leading to the growth of the tunnel boring machines market. The table below depicts the annual value of construction in The US between 2012 and 2018.
Furthermore, many countries, for promoting the growth of tourism, focus on constructing specialty infrastructure, which is expected to add to the market growth. Tunnel boring machines have witnessed high demand, especially in the construction of metro rail and road projects. Additionally, an increase in construction and infrastructural projects, such as bridges, roads, dams, and airports and real-estate, mainly in developing countries, is expected to drive the growth of the construction industry, further raising the demand for tunnel boring machines.
The favorable growth trend and several government measures have led to the growth in investments in construction, especially in Asia-Pacific and other developing nations. There has been an increase in foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in the construction industry, mainly in India. For instance, according to Invest India, 100% FDI under the automatic route is permitted in completed projects for townships, malls/shopping complexes, and business construction operations and management. Moreover, 100% FDI under the automatic route is permitted for urban infrastructures, such as urban transport, water supply and sewerage, and sewage treatment.
According to the Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion (India), Mauritius had the highest FDI equity inflow amount of USD 13,931.99 million in India during the period, 2000–2017. Furthermore, there are a total of 67 metro projects across 27 cities in India, out of which 54 projects are in various stages of development. Such FDI inflows in construction across the globe are expected to result in the growth of the construction industry, further driving the demand for tunnel boring machines.
The developing nations play a key role in the growth of the global tunnel boring machines market, with the construction industry contributing primarily to the emerging economies. The maximum growth of the emerging economies is anticipated in the Middle East, Asia-Pacific, and Latin America.
Asia-Pacific is one of the most lucrative of regions in terms of new constructions due to several construction projects set to go underway. Asia-Pacific, with nations, such as India and China, is working on strengthening its urban infrastructure. Government aids and subsidies are expected to attract significant investments in the construction industry, leading to its growth. The focus of such initiatives is on the development of urban infrastructure and services, such as water supply, renovation of bridges and tunnels, urban transport, road network, and inner/old city areas, which is expected to lead to the demand for tunneling equipment. The increase in population and the need for proper transportation compel the governments to make higher investments in road and rail construction and infrastructure. The governments are taking steps by assigning funds to improve urban infrastructure. For instance, the Indian government had set a target of completing 300 highway projects by March 2019.
Construction contractors and property owners are inclined toward The USe of tunnel boring machines due to its various advantages, which is further expected to boost its demand. The increase in per capita income, coupled with the growing infrastructure to support highways and metro rail projects, would also provide growth opportunities for the manufacturers of tunnel boring machines in the Asia-Pacific region. As per IBEF, the Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) approved the Real Estate Investment Trust (RETI) platform, which would drive investments in real estate, creating the scope for investments worth ~ USD 19.65 billion in India. Such investments are expected to lead to the growth of the construction industry, resulting in high demand for tunnel boring machines during the forecast period.
The high number of construction projects across the globe creates a high demand for skilled workers. Globally, the demand has exceeded supply, leading to the reduced availability of workers. The lack of skilled labor increases the risks of contractors leading to project delays. Many developing countries, such as India and China, have a severe shortage of skilled labor because of the migration of skilled workers, an aging workforce, and the lack of training. According to a skill gap report commissioned by National Skill Development Corporation, the building, construction & real estate sector is estimated to require around 31.13 million of additional skilled workforce by 2022. However, the gap between the required workforce and their employability is expected to hamper the construction industry, which would affect the growth of the tunnel boring machines market. The tunnel boring machines market demands highly skilled labor for controlling the operations of equipment, ensuring the proper working of the machines, and conducting tests and inspection of products, services, and processes for evaluating quality.
International Labor Organization (ILO) has been taking many initiatives for the training of workforces. Programs, such as Skills for Trade and Economic Diversification (STED) and Rural Economic Empowerment (TREE) Program, are launched by the ILO for the development of a skilled workforce. Moreover, the ILOs Skills and Employability Program for Asia and the Pacific (SKILLS-AP) was also launched to provide solutions to the skill development issues in Asia-Pacific. Such programs and initiatives are expected to minimize the problems associated with skilled labor during the forecast period. Hence, the impact of lack of skilled labor on the global tunnel boring machines market is expected to shift from high to moderate over the forecast period.
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Profiles of 101 companies operating in the Tunnel Boring Machine Market market, including revenue, employee count, and market positioning where available.
Showing 101 of 101 companies
IHI CORP.
Company Headquarters: Tokyo, Japan Founded: 1853 Workforce: 29,286 Company Working: IHI Corp. engages in the designing, manufacturing, sales, installation, repair, and maintenance of heavy machines. The company’s business operating segments include resources, energy and environment; social infrastructure and offshore facilities; industrial system and general-purpose machinery; aero engine, space and defense; and others. The resources, energy, and environment operating segment comprise boilers, motors for land and marine use, power systems, gas processes for storage facilities and chemical plants, nuclear power, environmental systems, gas engines, and pharmaceutical plants. The industrial system and general-purpose machinery segment cover rotating machinery, logistics systems, materials handling equipment, parking systems, steel manufacturing equipment, industrial machinery, heat and surface treatment equipment, papermaking machinery, vehicular turbochargers, and compressors, construction machinery, and agricultural equipment. The social infrastructure and offshore facility business segment deal with bridges, water gates, steel structures, shield tunneling machines, transportation systems, urban development, and security. The aero-engine, space and defense segment handles aircraft engines, rocket systems, space exploration, and defense systems. The others segment includes inspection and measurement businesses as well as the manufacture and sale of related equipment. The company has its presence in Europe, Asia-Pacific, and the Middle East & Africa.
HITACHI ZOSEN CORPORATION
Company Headquarters: Osaka, Japan Founded: 1881 Workforce: 10,580 Company Working: Hitachi Zosen Corporation (Hitachi) engages in the design and construction of environmental systems, industrial plants, industrial machinery, process and infrastructure-related equipment, disaster prevention systems, and precision machinery. The company operates through the following segments: environmental systems and industrial plants, machinery, infrastructure, and other businesses. The environmental systems and industrial plants segment deals with environmental protection systems, desalination and potabilization plants, chemical plants, and water treatment systems. The machinery segment involves the production of marine diesel engines, boilers, nuclear equipment, plastic machinery, and food filling and packaging systems. The infrastructure segment includes bridge construction, water gates, and shield tunneling machines. The others segment includes transportation and warehousing businesses. Hitachi’s product portfolio includes equipment related to hydrogen, electronic control, energy, marine, semiconductor, and food and pharmaceutical industries. The company operates in Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and North America.
CHINA RAILWAY GROUP LIMITED
Company Headquarters: Henan, China Founded: 2008 Workforce: ~1,240 Company Working: China Railway Group Limited (CRGL) designs, manufactures and develops tunnel boring machines for customers across the globe. The company is one of the world’s-leading construction companies in industrial equipment manufacturing, infrastructure construction, scientific research, and consulting. It also operates in real estate development, financial trust, resources development, and other trade activities. CRGL provides business scope covering fields of infrastructures, including highways, railways, municipal facilities, urban rail transits, housing and buildings, hydropower stations, water conservancies, airports, docks, and harbors. CRGL holds one of the leading positions in the design, development, and manufacturing of machinery equipment. The company owns multiple tunnel boring machines, bridge erecting machines, track laying machines, and shield machines in China. The machinery also comprises ship-mounted cranes with high lifting capacity, deep-sea water working equipment, and catenary installation equipment for electrified railways. The company has a track record of building several projects in Asia, Africa, Europe, South America, and the Atlantic. It currently operates in more than 90 countries and regions across the globe
HERRENKNECHT AG
Company Headquarters Founded: 1993 Workforce: ~5,000 Company Working: Herrenknecht AG (Herrenknecht) is a technology leader in tunneling systems. The company holds expertise in innovative technology, such as tunneling, mining, exploration, and additional industrial equipment. The tunneling segment includes traffic tunneling and utility tunneling. The company produces lean deep drilling rigs that drill down to a capacity of 8,000 meters and rigs exploration of shallow geothermal energy. Herrenknecht operates in 76 locations across continents.
Caterpillar
Caterpillar Inc. was founded in 1925 through the merger of Holt Manufacturing Company and C.L. Best Tractor Co. and is incorporated in Delaware with global headquarters in Irving, Texas. The company operates as a publicly traded corporation on the New York Stock Exchange and maintains manufacturing, sales, and service operations across more than 190 countries. Within the heavy equipment and utility vehicles market, Caterpillar organizes its business into three primary segments — Construction Industries, Resource Industries, and Energy & Transportation — each of which directly addresses demand for large-scale machinery, off-highway vehicles, and utility-grade equipment deployed in construction, mining, quarrying, and infrastructure development worldwide. Caterpillar's core product portfolio in the heavy equipment and utility vehicles market spans crawler and wheel dozers, hydraulic excavators, motor graders, articulated and off-highway trucks, wheel loaders, backhoe loaders, skid steer loaders, compact track loaders, and telehandlers. The company also produces a broad range of utility vehicles including small dozers and compact construction equipment marketed under the Cat brand. Caterpillar competes directly with Komatsu, Volvo CE, Deere & Company, and CNH Industrial across these categories. Its dealer network — comprising approximately 160 dealers operating roughly 2,900 dealer locations globally — provides a distribution and aftermarket parts advantage that sustains machine uptime and customer retention at scale. Caterpillar's recent strategic direction in the heavy equipment and utility vehicles market centers on electrification, autonomy, and digital connectivity. The company has advanced its Cat® Command autonomous haulage and dozing systems, which are deployed commercially at mining and large construction sites. Caterpillar announced a partnership with Luck Stone in 2023 to deploy autonomous Cat 777 trucks at quarry operations, demonstrating commercial traction for autonomous utility vehicles beyond mining. The company also continues to invest in battery-electric and hydrogen-ready machine platforms, having unveiled the Cat 301.9 electric mini excavator and the Cat 320 electric excavator for urban construction applications, positioning itself ahead of tightening emissions regulations in Europe and North America. Caterpillar reported full-year 2024 revenues of $64.8 billion, with the Construction Industries segment generating approximately $21.6 billion and Resource Industries contributing approximately $11.5 billion, underscoring the company's dominant revenue base within heavy equipment end markets. Key customer segments include large mining operators such as BHP, Rio Tinto, and Freeport-McMoRan for high-tonnage haul trucks and dozers, as well as major civil infrastructure contractors and government-funded highway and utility construction programs globally. Caterpillar held an estimated 15–18% share of the global construction equipment market by revenue as of 2024, making it the largest single manufacturer in the sector by most industry measures
H&E Equipment Services Inc
Company Headquarters: Los Angeles, United States Founded: 1961 Workforce: ~ 2,157 Company Working: H&E Equipment Services Inc (H&E Equipment) is an integrated equipment company that provides rentals and sales services. The company rents, sells and provides parts and service support for new and used earthmoving equipment, material handling, forestry, concrete, industrial and heavy equipment. It offers rental equipment such as hi-lift and aerial platform equipment, cranes, light towers, industrial and material lifts, bulldozers and cement mixers generators, among others. H&E Equipment offers services such as fleet maintenance, remanufacturing, structural repair and operator and safety training, among others. The Equipment Rentals segment rents construction and industrial equipment. The New Equipment Sales segment sells new equipment in product categories. The Used Equipment Sales segment offers rental fleet and inventoried equipment that are acquired through trade-ins with its equipment customers and through purchases of high quality used equipment. The company operates through its offices in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida and other states in the US. H&E Equipment is headquartered in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, the US.
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