Lithium Ion Battery Recycling Market

Fortum Oyj is a Finnish state-owned energy company located in Espoo, Finland. It mainly focuses on the Nordic region. Fortum operates power plants, including co-generation plants, and generates and sells electricity and heat. The company also sells waste services such as recycling, reutilisation, final disposal solutions and soil remediation and environmental constructions services, and other energy-related services and products e.g. consultancy services for power plants and electric vehicle charging. Fortum is listed on the Nasdaq Helsinki stock exchange. In 2020 Fortum was the biggest company in Finland by its revenue. The majority of its income came from Uniper that became Fortum's subsidiary in March 2020. Uniper was nationalised by Germany on the 21 September 2022 for 8 billion euros. Fortum is Europe's third-largest producer of carbon-free electricity, Europe's second-largest producer of nuclear power

TES-AMM (Singapore) Pte Ltd is a global leader in electronic scrap recycling. Their battery recycling facility in Singapore, TES B, is the first of its kind in Southeast Asia. It can recycle up to 14 tonnes of lithium-ion batteries per day, which is the equivalent of 280,000 smartphone batteries. TES's recycling process creates a closed-loop for lithium-ion batteries. This means that recovered materials can be reused in the manufacturing supply chain. TES-AMM's recycling plants use state-of-the-art equipment and techniques to minimize the environmental impact of recycled equipment.

Neometals Limited is a company that operates in the lithium battery and Vanadium recovery industries. They develop and operate recycling and recovery plants for both industries. Neometals' lithium-ion battery recycling process targets the Consumer electronic batteries: Lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) cathodes, Nickel-rich electric vehicle and stationary storage battery chemistries: Lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) cathodes, and End-of-life cells: Lithium-ion battery production scrap. Neometals is an emerging, sustainable battery materials producer. The Company has developed a suite of green battery materials processing technologies that reduce reliance on traditional mining and processing and support circular economic principles. Neometals’ three core business units: Lithium-ion Battery (“LIB”) Recycling – to produce new battery materials from spent LIBs in a 50:50 JV (Primobius) with German plant builder SMS group. Primobius has a 10tpd commercial Shredding ‘Spoke’ operation in Germany, it is the recycling technology partner to Mercedes Benz and is planning its first 50tpd operation with Stelco Inc. in Canada; Vanadium Recovery - to produce high-purity V2O5 via processing of steelmaking by-product (“Slag”). Developing a 300,000tpa ~73:17 JV operation in Pori, Finland, underpinned by a 10-year Slag supply agreement with steelmaker SSAB. MOU with H2Green Steel underpins potential second operation in Boden, Sweden; and Lithium Chemicals – to produce battery quality LiOH from brine and/or hard-rock feedstocks using patented ELi™ electrolysis process owned by RAM (70% NMT, 30% Mineral Resources Ltd). Targeting initial 25,000tpa operation in Estarreja with Portugal’s largest chemical producer, Bondalti Chemicals S.A.

Li-Cycle Holdings is a leading global lithium-ion battery resource recovery company and North America’s largest pure-play lithium-ion battery recycler, with a rapidly growing presence across Europe. Established in 2016, and with major customers and partners around the world, Li-Cycle is on a mission to recover critical battery-grade materials to create a domestic closed-loop battery supply chain for a clean energy future. The Company leverages its innovative, sustainable, and patent-protected Spoke & Hub Technologies™ to provide a safe, scalable, customer-centric solution to recycle all different types of lithium-ion batteries. The company recycle battery manufacturing scrap and end-of-life batteries to produce black mass, a powder-like substance which contains a number of valuable metals, including lithium, nickel, and cobalt.

RecycLiCo Battery Materials Inc engaged in research and development of recycling battery cathode waste in lithium-ion batteries and the acquisition, exploration and development of interests in mineral resource projects in British Columbia, Canada and Arizona, USA. The Company has not generated any revenues and is considered to be in the exploration stage. The business of exploring and developing mineral resource properties involves a high degree of risk, and there can be no assurance that planned exploration and development programs will result in profitable mining operations. The recoverability of amounts shown for capitalized exploration and development costs is dependent on the ability of the Company to obtain necessary financing to complete the development and future profitable production or, alternatively, upon disposition of such properties at a profit. Changes in future conditions could require material write-downs of the carrying values of exploration and evaluation interests.

Raw Materials Company (RMC) focus has always been to solutions that are not only economical, but also solutions that are considered socially and environmentally sustainable. The RMC 3500 recycling efficiency rate of 84% has been independently audited and verified under the CSA - SPE-890-15, a guideline for the accountable management of end-of-life materials. The company technology is forever evolving as we push ourselves to stay on pace with advances in battery manufacturing. RMC has managed to increase Ontario's battery collection and recycling rate to the highest rate in North America. All recycled materials are reused in industry, preventing the need for further mining and depletion of our finite natural resources. Raw Materials Company is an international leader in the field of waste and resource recycling. The company was formed to reflect our commitment to a safer environment through the proper recycling and conversion of waste material. As pioneers in the field of energy conservation and resource preservation.