Vertical: CNMBase Year: 2025
Market Size (2025)
$84.76M
Projected (2032)
$160.89M
CAGR (2022–2032)
9.6%
Key Players
9+
Market Overview
The global Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market was valued at USD 84.758 Million in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 160.892 Million by 2032, registering a CAGR of 9.57% over the 2026–2032 forecast period. The market expanded from USD 64.145 Million in 2022, and the forecast implies an absolute increase of USD 76.134 Million between 2025 and 2032.
Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a host-specific baculovirus used as a biological insecticide against the codling moth, the most damaging internal-feeding pest of apples, pears and walnuts in temperate production regions. CpGV products are applied as sprays that must be ingested by newly hatched larvae before they bore into the fruit. Their selectivity, the absence of residue concerns, compatibility with beneficial arthropods and acceptance in organic production have made CpGV the reference biological tool for codling moth control in Europe and North America. In September 2023, the European Commission renewed the approval of CpGV until 31 October 2038 and classified it as a low-risk active substance under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, a decision that reinforces its long-term position in integrated and organic fruit production.
Key Findings
By Crop Type: Apples & Pears is the largest segment, accounting for 85.0% of the market in 2025 (USD 72.044 Million). Walnuts & Others is the fastest-growing segment, with a CAGR of 12.25% over 2026–2032.
By Formulation: Suspension Concentrate is both the largest segment, with a 85.0% share in 2025 (USD 72.044 Million), and the fastest-growing segment, with a CAGR of 9.96%, compared with 7.21% for Others.
By Region: Europe is the leading region, with a 45.0% share in 2025 (USD 38.141 Million). Asia Pacific is the fastest-growing region, with a CAGR of 13.85%.
By Country: The U.S. is the leading country, with a market value of USD 23.139 Million in 2025, equal to 27.3% of the global market. India is the fastest-growing country, with a CAGR of 16.47%, followed by China at 15.30%.
Segmentation Summary
The market is analysed by crop type (Apples & Pears; Walnuts & Others), by formulation (Suspension Concentrate; Others) and by region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa), with country-level data for 20 countries and country groups. Apples & Pears dominates demand because codling moth is primarily a pome-fruit pest and because the largest commercial CpGV programmes are run in apple and pear orchards in Europe, North America, Argentina, Chile and South Africa. Walnuts & Others, which reached USD 12.714 Million in 2025, is expected to reach USD 28.639 Million by 2032, supported by walnut acreage in California and China and by label extensions to stone fruit. Suspension concentrates, which preserve virus occlusion bodies in a stable aqueous carrier and are the standard commercial format, are projected to grow from USD 72.044 Million in 2025 to USD 140.137 Million in 2032.
Competitive Landscape Summary
The market is moderately consolidated around a small number of specialised baculovirus producers. Andermatt Group AG (Switzerland), with its Madex range and, since July 2024, the Virosoft CP4 product acquired with BioTEPP Inc., holds the broadest isolate portfolio. UPL Ltd, through its Natural Plant Protection (NPP) biosolutions unit, markets the Carpovirusine range, including the resistance-breaking CpGV-R5-based Carpovirusine EVO 2 and Carpovirusine Ultra. Certis Biologicals (Mitsui & Co.) supplies CYD-X and CYD-X HP in North America, while Certis Belchim distributes CYD-X in Europe. Regional specialists include CBC (Europe) S.r.l. – Biogard in Italy, Biofa in Germany, River Bioscience in South Africa and Sumitomo Chemical Australia. Competition centres on isolate performance against resistant codling moth populations, registration coverage, distribution reach and integration with mating disruption programmes.
Challenges and Opportunities
The principal challenges are field resistance of codling moth to specific CpGV isolates, first documented in organic orchards in south-western Germany in 2003–2004 and reported in Washington State in 2022; the short field persistence of the virus under ultraviolet light, which requires repeated applications timed to egg hatch; frozen or refrigerated storage requirements; and the cost and duration of registration in new markets. Opportunities arise from the expansion of organic and residue-free fruit production, the low-risk status of CpGV in the European Union, codling moth spread in northern and western China, label extensions to oriental fruit moth and stone fruit, and combined programmes with pheromone-based mating disruption.
Future Outlook
Between 2025 and 2032, the market is expected to add USD 76.134 Million in value. Europe and North America will remain the core revenue pools, together accounting for 74.8% of the market in 2032, while Asia Pacific (CAGR 13.85%), Middle East & Africa (CAGR 12.85%) and Latin America (CAGR 12.42%) will grow faster from smaller bases. Product development will continue to focus on new isolates and isolate mixtures that overcome known resistance types, on higher-concentration formulations, and on improved shelf life and UV stability.
The Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 9.6% from 2022 to 2032.
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View Subscription PlansDefinition
Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is a double-stranded DNA virus of the family Baculoviridae, genus Betabaculovirus, that infects the larvae of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella L., Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Each virus particle is enclosed in a protein occlusion body (granule) that protects it in the environment. When a neonate larva ingests occlusion bodies deposited on fruit or leaves, the protein matrix dissolves in the alkaline midgut, the released virions infect midgut cells, and the infection spreads systemically, killing the larva typically within several days. The virus is highly specific to codling moth and a few closely related tortricids and has no known adverse effects on vertebrates, plants or non-target insects. In July 2025, the US Environmental Protection Agency accepted a label amendment that updates the active ingredient name on CYD-X to Betabaculovirus cypomonellae, in line with current virus taxonomy.
For the purpose of this study, the Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market covers formulated plant protection products in which CpGV occlusion bodies are the active ingredient, sold for the control of codling moth (and, where labelled, oriental fruit moth) in apples, pears, walnuts and other crops. It includes products based on all commercial CpGV isolates, such as the Mexican isolate (CpGV-M) and resistance-breaking isolates such as CpGV-R5, V15 and V22, in suspension concentrate and other formulation types. Market value is measured at the manufacturer and registrant level.
The study excludes other baculovirus products that are not based on CpGV, such as nucleopolyhedroviruses (for example, Cryptophlebia peltastica NPV) and granuloviruses of other pests; pheromone-based mating disruption products; Bacillus thuringiensis, spinosad and other biological or synthetic insecticides; entomopathogenic nematodes; and the services of pest monitoring and application.
Scope of the Study
The study covers the global Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market with the following scope:
By Crop Type: Apples & Pears; Walnuts & Others.
By Formulation: Suspension Concentrate; Others.
By Region: North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico); Europe (Germany, U.K., France, Italy, Spain, Rest of Europe); Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, Rest of Asia Pacific); Latin America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of Latin America); Middle East & Africa (UAE, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Rest of MEA).
Timeline: Historic years 2022–2024; base year 2025; forecast period 2026–2032.
Unit: Market value in USD Million; growth expressed as CAGR for 2026–2032.
Research Objectives
To estimate the size of the global Cydia pomonella granulovirus market for 2022–2025 and forecast it for 2026–2032 in value terms (USD Million).
To analyse the market by crop type and formulation and to identify the segments with the largest share and fastest growth.
To assess market size and growth across five regions and 20 countries and country groups, including segment splits at regional and country level.
To evaluate the drivers, restraints, opportunities, trends and challenges, including the impact of codling moth resistance to CpGV isolates on product demand.
To review the regulatory framework for CpGV registration and use, including the EU low-risk approval, US EPA and Canadian PMRA registrations, and organic production rules.
To map the value chain from virus production in codling moth larvae to formulation, distribution and use by pome fruit and walnut growers.
To profile the competitive structure of the market, the positioning of leading producers and their product, alliance and expansion activities since 2022.
To identify opportunities for new isolates, label extensions and geographic expansion in emerging pome fruit and walnut producing regions.
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View Subscription PlansOverview of the Research Process
The study followed a structured research process consisting of four stages: (1) definition of the market scope, product boundaries and segmentation; (2) secondary research to build a database of crop areas, pest pressure, product registrations, company activities and regulatory developments; (3) primary research with participants across the supply and demand sides to validate assumptions, pricing, adoption rates and segment splits; and (4) market sizing, forecasting and data triangulation, followed by internal review for consistency across segments, regions and countries.
Secondary Research
Secondary research was used to establish the market baseline and to identify the factors that shape demand for CpGV products. Sources relevant to this industry included:
Regulatory and government bodies: the European Commission (EU Pesticides Database and Official Journal), the European Food Safety Authority, the US Environmental Protection Agency, Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency, national authorities such as ANSES (France), SENASA (Argentina), SAG (Chile) and the Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee (India).
Agricultural statistics: FAO (FAOSTAT), the US Department of Agriculture (National Agricultural Statistics Service, Economic Research Service and Foreign Agricultural Service) and national statistical offices, for apple, pear and walnut area, production and organic certification.
Industry associations: fruit grower associations, biocontrol industry associations and organic sector bodies, including the World Apple and Pear Association and national organic certification organisations.
Company sources: annual reports, investor presentations, product labels, registration documents and press releases of CpGV producers, registrants and distributors.
Scientific and trade literature: peer-reviewed studies on CpGV efficacy and codling moth resistance, extension service publications and horticultural trade journals.
Paid databases: company financial databases, trade databases and pesticide product registration databases.
Primary Research
Primary research was conducted through in-depth interviews to validate the secondary findings and to fill data gaps. On the supply side, respondents included executives and product managers of CpGV producers and registrants, regional distributors of biological crop protection products and regulatory specialists. On the demand side, respondents included pome fruit and walnut growers, grower cooperatives, crop advisers, integrated pest management consultants and extension specialists. The objectives were to verify product pricing and application rates, adoption of CpGV in organic and conventional orchards, the impact of resistance on product choice, segment and regional splits, and expected growth rates.
Market Size Estimation
Bottom-up approach: Market size was estimated at country level by combining the treated area of apple, pear, walnut and other host crops, the share of area receiving CpGV applications, the number of applications per season and the average product price per hectare. Country values were aggregated into regional and global totals.
Top-down approach: The global market was derived from the revenues of leading CpGV producers and registrants, adjusted for the share of biological insecticide sales attributable to CpGV, and allocated to regions, countries and segments using crop production data, registration coverage and primary research inputs.
Data triangulation: The results of the two approaches were compared and reconciled. Differences were resolved by weighting each estimate according to the reliability of its inputs and by validation with industry participants.
Forecasting Methodology
The forecast for 2026–2032 was developed by projecting the base-year market using factor-based modelling. Factors considered included growth in pome fruit and walnut area and production, the expansion of organic certified orchards, regulatory restrictions on synthetic insecticides, codling moth pressure and its geographic spread, the launch of new isolates and formulations, price trends, distribution expansion and the rate of resistance development. Each factor was assessed for its impact on each segment and region, and the resulting growth rates were validated through primary research.
Base Year, Forecast Period and Currency
Base year: 2025
Historic period: 2022–2024
Forecast period: 2026–2032
Currency: USD Million (values converted at average annual exchange rates where required)
Assumptions and Limitations
Market value is measured at the manufacturer and registrant level and excludes distribution mark-ups and application costs.
Exchange rates are assumed to remain stable over the forecast period.
The regulatory status of CpGV in major markets, including its EU approval until 31 October 2038, is assumed to remain unchanged.
Forecasts assume no major disruption to virus production capacity or to codling moth larval rearing.
Company revenues for CpGV products are not reported separately by most producers; product-level estimates therefore rely on triangulation and industry interviews.
The emergence of new codling moth resistance types is a source of uncertainty that may shift demand between isolates and between biological and synthetic control options.
Base Year
2025
Historical Period
2022 – 2024
Forecast Period
2026 – 2032
Primary Interviews
150+
Historical data (2022–2025) and forecast period (2025–2032)
Our research process spans primary interviews with industry stakeholders combined with comprehensive secondary data analysis, validated through triangulation across multiple independent sources.
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View Subscription PlansIntroduction
The Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market is moderately consolidated. A small number of specialised producers manufacture CpGV, because in vivo production in codling moth larvae, proprietary isolate collections and country-by-country registration create high barriers to entry. Andermatt Group AG and UPL Ltd (through its Natural Plant Protection biosolutions unit and Laboratoires Goëmar) are the leading suppliers of CpGV worldwide, with Certis Biologicals (Mitsui & Co.) holding an important position in North America. Many national markets are served through distribution partners that relabel or market producers' products, such as CBC (Europe) – Biogard in Italy, Biofa in Germany and Sumitomo Chemical Australia.
Competition is based primarily on the performance of isolates against local codling moth populations, including resistant populations; on the breadth of registrations by country and crop; on product concentration, stability and shelf life; and on technical support for application timing and resistance management. Since 2022, competitive dynamics have been shaped by consolidation, including Andermatt's acquisition of BioTEPP Inc. and the creation of Certis Belchim by Mitsui & Co., and by the launch of resistance-breaking products such as Carpovirusine Ultra.
Key Player Positioning
Leaders: Andermatt Group AG and UPL Ltd lead the market. Andermatt, a privately held Swiss company founded in 1988 that does not publish revenue, had more than 700 employees in over 20 countries by May 2026. It holds the broadest portfolio of CpGV isolates, marketed under the Madex brand (Madex, Madex Plus, Madex Max, Madex Top, Madex Primo, Madex Twin, Madex Duo and Madex HP), together with Virosoft CP4 following the acquisition of BioTEPP in July 2024. Its strategy combines continuous isolate development to overcome resistance with vertical integration into distribution. UPL Ltd reported revenue of INR 51,839 crore for the fiscal year ended 31 March 2026. Its Carpovirusine franchise, inherited from Arysta LifeScience, includes Carpovirusine, Carpovirusine Max, Carpovirusine EVO 2 and Carpovirusine Ultra, and is moving toward resistance-breaking CpGV-R5 formulations with broad registration in Europe and Chile.
Challengers: Certis Biologicals (Certis USA LLC), a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co., markets CYD-X and CYD-X HP in the U.S. and Canada, focusing on organic pome fruit and walnuts. Certis Belchim, also owned by Mitsui & Co., registers and distributes CYD-X in Europe, including the U.K. Mitsui & Co. reported revenue of JPY 14.0 trillion for the fiscal year ended March 2026; revenue of its CpGV business is not reported separately.
Niche players: BioTEPP Inc. (now part of Andermatt) supplies Virosoft CP4 for codling moth and oriental fruit moth in North America. CBC (Europe) S.r.l. – Biogard markets Madex Top and Madex Twin in Italy in combination with pheromone products. Biofa, majority-owned by Andermatt, markets Madex Max in Germany. River Bioscience, owned by the Citrus Growers' Association of Southern Africa, markets Codlgran and the alternative virus product CodlMax in South Africa. Sumitomo Chemical Australia, a subsidiary of Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. (sales revenue of JPY 2,328.5 billion for the fiscal year ended 31 March 2026), markets Madex in Australia. None of these companies discloses revenue from CpGV products.
Threat of New Entrants – Low
In vivo production of CpGV requires specialised larval rearing, isolate collections and quality control know-how that take years to build.
Each new isolate and product must be registered country by country, with significant data, cost and time requirements.
Established producers hold long-standing relationships with distributors and grower advisers.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers – Low
Leading producers maintain their own insect colonies and virus isolates in-house.
Diet ingredients and co-formulants are widely available commodities with many suppliers.
Bargaining Power of Buyers – Medium
Growers, cooperatives and distributors can choose among several CpGV brands and isolates in major markets.
Organic growers have few equally effective alternatives, which limits their bargaining power.
Large distributors and packers influence product selection and pricing through programme recommendations.
Threat of Substitutes – High
Synthetic insecticides such as diamides and spinosyns, and pheromone-based mating disruption, are widely used for codling moth control.
Other biological options, including entomopathogenic nematodes and alternative baculoviruses such as Cryptophlebia peltastica NPV, are being developed and registered.
Substitution risk is lower in organic production, where CpGV is a core component of codling moth programmes.
Competitive Rivalry – Medium
The market is served by a small number of specialised producers, which limits price competition.
Competition focuses on isolate performance against resistant populations, registration coverage and technical support.
Acquisitions of competitors and distributors are reshaping competitive positions.
Threat of New Entrants: Low; Production know-how, isolate access and registration requirements.
Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Low; In-house colonies and isolates; commodity inputs.
Bargaining Power of Buyers: Medium; Choice of brands in mature markets; limited alternatives in organic.
Threat of Substitutes: High; Synthetic insecticides, mating disruption and other biologicals.
Competitive Rivalry: Medium; Few specialised players competing on isolates and service.
Market estimates by geography (2032)
InsightEurope leads with $66.21M by 2032, while Asia Pacific is projected to grow fastest at a 14.3% CAGR.
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View Subscription Plans| REGION | 2022 | 2025 | 2032 | CAGR | SHARE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| North America | $22.84M | $35.27M | $54.06M | 9.0% | 34% |
| Europe | $29.92M | $44.75M | $66.21M | 8.3% | 41% |
| Asia Pacific | $5.55M | $11.11M | $21.16M | 14.3% | 13% |
| Latin America | $4.11M | $7.54M | $13.51M | 12.7% | 8% |
| Middle East & Africa | $1.73M | $3.26M | $5.95M | 13.1% | 4% |
| Total | $64.14M | $101.93M | $160.89M | 9.6% | 100% |
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View Subscription PlansTotal Market Size
$160.89M
| APPLICATION | REVENUE ($B) | GROWTH RATE | MARKET PENETRATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apples & Pears | $132.25M | 9.1% | 82% |
| Walnuts & Others | $28.64M | 12.5% | 18% |
* Revenue projections based on 2025 estimates. Growth rates represent CAGR 2024–2030. Market penetration indicates current adoption rate within addressable market segments.
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Analytical insights on Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market covering market dynamics, competitive landscape, and strategic outlook.
The Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market market is projected to reach $160.89M by 2032, growing at 9.6% CAGR. The Apples & Pears segment holds the largest share.
The Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market is shaped by the interaction of regulatory policy on synthetic insecticides, the growth of organic and residue-sensitive fruit supply chains, codling moth pressure in established and newly infested regions, and the biological limitations of the virus itself, including its short field persistence and the development of resistance in some codling moth populations. This chapter assesses these forces through a growth factor analysis, followed by a review of drivers, restraints, opportunities, and key trends and challenges. The impact scores presented in the growth factor analysis are analyst assessments based on secondary research and industry interviews, rated on a scale of 1 (low impact) to 10 (high impact) for three sub-periods of the forecast.
Regulatory Pressure on Synthetic Insecticides and Low-Risk Status of CpGV
Regulators in the main fruit-producing regions continue to narrow the range of synthetic insecticides available to pome fruit growers through non-renewal of active substances, reduced maximum residue limits and stricter assessment of risks to pollinators and aquatic organisms. In the European Union, Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1756 renewed the approval of CpGV from 1 November 2023 to 31 October 2038 and designated it a low-risk active substance under Article 22 of Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, on the basis that the baculovirus has no adverse effects on non-target insects. Low-risk status provides a longer approval period and favourable conditions for product authorisation, while Directive 2009/128/EC requires member states to promote integrated pest management, which prioritises biological methods. Although the proposed Sustainable Use Regulation, which would have made the Farm to Fork target of a 50% reduction in the use and risk of chemical pesticides legally binding, was withdrawn in 2024, the target remains a policy objective. In the United States, CpGV benefits from a tolerance exemption for all raw agricultural commodities under 40 CFR 180.1148, which simplifies use close to harvest. These policies support a structural shift of codling moth programmes toward CpGV.
Expansion of Organic and Residue-Sensitive Fruit Production
CpGV is one of the few highly effective codling moth control tools permitted in certified organic production. In the European Union, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1165 authorises micro-organisms approved under Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 for organic production, and in the United States the National Organic Program allows biological substances within an organic system plan. Organic apples are a significant category: the USDA 2021 Certified Organic Survey recorded organic apple sales of USD 629 million, the highest of any organic crop and 32% above 2019, and the USDA Economic Research Service reported record organic fresh apple exports of 397 million pounds in the 2025/26 season, about 21% of US fresh apple export volume. Beyond organic production, retailers and importing countries increasingly set residue requirements stricter than statutory limits, encouraging conventional growers to replace late-season synthetic sprays with CpGV. Because CpGV leaves no residues of toxicological concern, it is used in the pre-harvest window in both organic and integrated production systems.
Development of Resistance-Breaking Isolates
The first CpGV products were based on a single Mexican isolate (CpGV-M). After resistance to CpGV-M was found in organic orchards in south-western Germany in 2003–2004, producers developed new isolates able to overcome resistant populations, including CpGV-R5 (used in Carpovirusine EVO 2 and Carpovirusine Ultra), V15 (Madex Top), V22 (Madex HP and Madex Twin) and further Andermatt isolates such as GV-0006 (Madex Max) and GV-0017 (Madex XLV). This pipeline has turned resistance from a threat into a driver of product renewal: growers rotate isolates, and producers differentiate on documented performance against specific resistance types. Andermatt reports testing more than 30 field populations from key markets for resistance between 2020 and 2025. New registrations, such as the authorisation of Carpovirusine Ultra in the Czech Republic in September 2024 and in France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Spain, Hungary and Chile, extend the reach of these newer products and support value growth.
Codling Moth Pressure and Spread in Emerging Production Regions
Codling moth is present in most temperate pome fruit regions and continues to spread. In China, the world's largest apple producer with 51.3 million tonnes in 2024 according to FAOSTAT data, the pest was first recorded in Xinjiang in the 1950s and has spread to Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang; it is regulated as a national agricultural plant quarantine pest. Further spread toward the main apple belts would substantially enlarge the area requiring control. In the Southern Hemisphere, Argentina, Chile and South Africa run export-oriented pome fruit industries in which residue compliance is critical. Warmer seasons in temperate regions can also allow additional codling moth generations, increasing the number of treatments required per season. These factors expand the addressable area for CpGV and underpin the higher growth rates expected in Asia Pacific, Latin America and Middle East & Africa.
Market Development in China and Other Asian Producing Countries
China's apple and walnut sectors are the largest in the world, and codling moth is established in Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia and parts of north-eastern China. Chinese research institutions, including the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Wuhan, have worked on local CpGV isolates for codling moth control. The combination of quarantine pressure, government emphasis on reducing chemical pesticide use and growth in premium fruit exports creates an opportunity for CpGV producers and local partners that can secure registrations and build distribution.
Combined Programmes with Mating Disruption and Digital Monitoring
Mating disruption is widely used in pome fruit in Europe, North America, Argentina, Chile and South Africa. Combining pheromone dispensers with CpGV applications provides a fully biological codling moth programme, and distributors such as CBC (Europe) – Biogard already market CpGV alongside pheromone products. Digital trap networks and phenology models that time applications more precisely improve the cost-effectiveness of CpGV and support adoption in conventional orchards.
Label Extensions to Oriental Fruit Moth, Stone Fruit and Nuts
Several CpGV products are effective against oriental fruit moth (Grapholita molesta). Madex Twin, Madex HP and Virosoft CP4 carry labels for codling moth and oriental fruit moth, and labels in North America include stone fruit, walnuts and, for Madex HP, almonds. Extending registrations to additional crops and pests broadens the treated area beyond pome fruit and supports the faster growth of the Walnuts & Others segment.
Field Resistance of Codling Moth to CpGV Isolates
Several types of codling moth resistance to CpGV have been described. Type I resistance, first found in Germany and inherited as a dominant, sex-linked (Z chromosome) trait, targets CpGV-M and related isolates. Further resistance types have since been identified, and a study published in 2025 described a Z-linked resistance type with cross-resistance to the commercial isolates CpGV-M, CpGV-R5 and CpGV-V15 in field populations. In June 2022, researchers documented the first case of CpGV resistance in the United States, in an organic orchard population in Washington State that was not controlled by the isolate used in CYD-X. Resistance can lead to control failures, loss of grower confidence and a temporary switch to other control options, and it requires continuous investment in monitoring and new isolate development.
Short Field Persistence and Application Requirements
CpGV occlusion bodies are inactivated by ultraviolet radiation within days of application, and the virus acts only on larvae that ingest it before entering the fruit. As a result, CpGV programmes require repeated applications at short intervals timed to egg hatch, often supported by degree-day models and pheromone trap monitoring. In high-pressure situations, CpGV is often combined with mating disruption or synthetic insecticides rather than used alone. Products also require refrigerated or frozen storage to maintain their activity. These characteristics increase management complexity and cost per hectare compared with longer-lasting synthetic insecticides and limit adoption among conventional growers with high pest pressure.
Registration Barriers in Emerging Markets
Each CpGV isolate and product requires registration in each country, with data on identity, efficacy and safety. In several countries with large or growing apple production, the registration framework for baculovirus products is less developed. In India, for example, the list of registered bio-insecticides maintained by the Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee (as of March 2024) does not include a granulovirus product. Registration costs and timelines slow market entry and restrict the availability of the newest isolates outside Europe and North America.
Consolidation of Producers and Distributors
The market is consolidating around integrated players. In July 2024, Andermatt Group acquired BioTEPP Inc. and its Virosoft CP4 product, and in October 2024 it acquired 80% of Agricheck Srl, its long-standing distributor in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. In March 2022, Mitsui & Co. merged Certis Europe and Belchim Crop Protection into Certis Belchim. These moves give producers direct control over registrations and routes to market.
Regulatory Modernisation for Micro-organisms
The European Union adopted a package of regulations in 2022, including Regulation (EU) 2022/1438, which sets specific approval criteria for micro-organisms, including viruses, with corresponding data requirements and evaluation principles in Regulations (EU) 2022/1439, 2022/1440 and 2022/1441. In the United States, EPA has opened registration review for insect viruses (nucleopolyhedroviruses and granuloviruses). These frameworks are better suited to biological products and are expected to streamline future isolate registrations.
Resistance Monitoring as a Standard Service
Producers increasingly provide resistance monitoring and isolate recommendations as part of their commercial offer, testing field populations and advising growers on rotation between isolates. This shifts competition from single products toward resistance management programmes.
Production Scale-up and Cost Efficiency
CpGV is produced in vivo in codling moth larvae reared on artificial diet, which makes production capacity and cost sensitive to rearing efficiency. Producers are investing in capacity, as illustrated by the CHF 15 million expansion of Andermatt's Grossdietwil site under way in 2023. Lowering production costs and improving formulation stability remain key challenges for wider adoption.
The value chain of the Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market consists of four main stages.
Raw materials and inputs: Codling moth colonies, artificial larval diet ingredients (such as wheat germ, casein, yeast and agar), virus seed stocks of proprietary isolates, and formulation co-formulants such as dispersants, stabilisers and UV protectants. Isolate collections and the know-how to maintain them are the most strategic inputs.
Manufacturing: Virus is multiplied in vivo by infecting reared larvae, followed by harvesting, purification and quantification of occlusion bodies (typically expressed as occlusion bodies per litre). The concentrate is formulated, mainly as a suspension concentrate, and subjected to quality control for virus titre, identity and microbial contaminants; for example, the EU approval sets a maximum level for Bacillus cereus in formulated products. Products are stored refrigerated or frozen.
Distribution and channels: Producers sell through their own subsidiaries, national distributors and agricultural retailers. Examples include CBC (Europe) – Biogard in Italy, Biofa in Germany, Engage Agro in Canada, Agricheck in Argentina and Sumitomo Chemical Australia. Cold-chain logistics and technical advisory services are important parts of the distribution offer.
End users: Commercial apple, pear and walnut growers in organic and integrated production, grower cooperatives and packers that set residue requirements, crop advisers and, to a smaller extent, stone fruit growers. Purchase decisions are influenced by efficacy against local codling moth populations, residue requirements of buyers and cost per hectare.
Europe
Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 governs the approval of active substances and the authorisation of plant protection products. CpGV was first included under Directive 91/414/EEC by Commission Directive 2008/113/EC.
Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2023/1756 renewed the approval of CpGV as a low-risk active substance from 1 November 2023 to 31 October 2038, following the EFSA peer review conclusion published in the EFSA Journal in 2022 (rapporteur Member State: Germany; co-rapporteur: the Netherlands).
Regulations (EU) 2022/1438, 2022/1439, 2022/1440 and 2022/1441 set specific approval criteria, data requirements and evaluation principles for micro-organisms, applicable from 21 November 2022.
Directive 2009/128/EC on the sustainable use of pesticides makes integrated pest management mandatory and prioritises non-chemical methods.
Regulation (EU) 2018/848 on organic production, together with Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/1165, permits the use of approved micro-organisms such as CpGV in organic farming.
In Great Britain, plant protection products are authorised under retained legislation by the Health and Safety Executive.
North America
United States: CpGV products are registered by the EPA Office of Pesticide Programs under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). Registered products include CYD-X (EPA Reg. No. 70051-44), CYD-X PLUS/CYD-X HP (70051-112) and Madex HP (69553-1). Residues are exempt from the requirement of a tolerance under 40 CFR 180.1148. Use in organic production is governed by the USDA National Organic Program (7 CFR Part 205).
Canada: Products are registered by Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency under the Pest Control Products Act. Registered products include Virosoft CP4 (PCP No. 26533), CYD-X (PCP No. 30120, Registration Decision RD2014-25) and Madex HP (PCP No. 34116, Registration Decision RD2021-10).
Asia Pacific
China: Pesticide registration is governed by the Regulations on Pesticide Administration (State Council Decree No. 677, effective 1 June 2017) and administered by the Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (ICAMA). Codling moth is listed as a national agricultural plant quarantine pest.
India: Pesticides, including bio-pesticides, are registered under the Insecticides Act, 1968 and the Insecticides Rules, 1971 by the Central Insecticides Board & Registration Committee. A draft Pesticides Management Bill intended to replace the 1968 Act was released for consultation in January 2026.
Japan: Codling moth is a quarantine pest under the Plant Protection Act, and imports of host fruit from infested countries are subject to phytosanitary measures.
Latin America
Argentina: Plant protection products are registered by the National Agri-Food Health and Quality Service (SENASA), which also monitors codling moth through its SINAVIMO pest surveillance system.
Chile: Products are authorised by the Agricultural and Livestock Service (SAG); Carpovirusine and Carpovirusine Ultra hold SAG authorisations.
Brazil: Products are registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock (MAPA). Brazil was declared free of Cydia pomonella in 2014, and the pest is subject to quarantine measures.
Middle East & Africa
South Africa: Agricultural remedies are registered under the Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act, 1947 (Act No. 36 of 1947).
Gulf Cooperation Council countries: Pesticide registration in the UAE and Saudi Arabia is administered by the national ministries responsible for agriculture and environment.
Jan 2022: Andermatt Group AG; Restructuring; Merged Andermatt Biocontrol into Andermatt Group AG, bringing its baculovirus production and international subsidiaries under one group structure.
Mar 2022: Mitsui & Co. / Certis Belchim; Merger; Announced the creation of Certis Belchim by merging Certis Europe and Belchim Crop Protection, combining Certis biologicals, including CYD-X, with Belchim's European distribution network.
Nov 2022: UPL Ltd; Product launch; Introduced its NPP biosolutions range, including Carpovirusine, to the U.K. market at CropTec.
Aug 2023: CBC (Europe) S.r.l. – Biogard; Acquisition; Acquired Bioplanet, an Italian producer of beneficial insects, broadening its biocontrol portfolio alongside Madex and pheromone products.
Oct 2023: Andermatt Group AG; Expansion; Marked its 35th anniversary with a CHF 15 million expansion of its Grossdietwil, Switzerland production site under way.
Mar 2024: Certis Biologicals; Acquisition; Acquired the Howler and Theia biofungicides from AgBiome, expanding its biologicals portfolio for specialty crops.
Jul 2024: Andermatt Group AG; Acquisition; Acquired BioTEPP Inc. (Canada) and its Virosoft CP4 granulovirus product for codling moth and oriental fruit moth.
Sep 2024: UPL Ltd; Registration; Obtained authorisation of Carpovirusine Ultra (CpGV-R5) in the Czech Republic, part of a wider rollout in France, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Spain, Hungary and Chile.
Oct 2024: Andermatt Group AG; Acquisition; Acquired an 80% shareholding in Agricheck Srl, its distributor in Northern Patagonia, Argentina, for more than 20 years.
Dec 2024: Andermatt Group AG; Acquisition; Andermatt Nederland acquired the beneficial-insect business of Entocare C.V., effective 1 January 2025.
Feb 2025: Andermatt Group AG; Expansion; Established Andermatt Italia S.r.l., a subsidiary serving the Italian market.
Jul 2025: Certis Biologicals; Regulatory; US EPA accepted an amendment to the CYD-X label updating the active ingredient name to Betabaculovirus cypomonellae strain M-CB1.
Political
Policy targets to reduce chemical pesticide use, such as the EU Farm to Fork objective, favour biological solutions.
Quarantine policies on codling moth in China, Japan and Brazil shape national control and trade programmes.
Economic
Pome fruit prices and grower margins affect spending on higher-cost biological programmes.
Premium prices for organic fruit support the use of CpGV in organic orchards.
Exchange rate movements influence the cost of imported CpGV products in emerging markets.
Social
Consumer demand for residue-free and organic fruit encourages retailers to tighten residue requirements.
Growing public concern over pesticide effects on pollinators and farm workers supports selective products.
Technological
New resistance-breaking isolates and isolate mixtures extend the effective life of CpGV.
Advances in formulation, UV protection and storage stability improve field performance and shelf life.
Digital trap monitoring and phenology models improve application timing.
Environmental
CpGV is specific to codling moth and closely related species, protecting beneficial insects and biodiversity in orchards.
Warmer seasons can increase the number of codling moth generations and extend the pest's range.
Legal
The EU low-risk approval of CpGV until 2038 provides long-term regulatory certainty.
Country-by-country registration requirements for each isolate and product create entry barriers.
Organic regulations in the EU and US define the conditions for CpGV use in certified production.
Profiles of 106 companies operating in the Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market market, including revenue, employee count, and market positioning where available.
Showing 106 of 106 companies
3 interactive charts drawn from the Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market dataset — market size, regional splits and each segment breakdown. Open one to read its full data table and download it.
Global Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market By Formulation
Global Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market By Crop Type
Global Cydia Pomonella Granulovirus Market By Region
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